Argparse教程

Argparse教程

概念

$ ls
不带参数独立运行命令
$ ls pypy
携带'pypy'被称为位置参数
$ ls -l
携带'-l'被称为可选参数
$ ls --help
'--help' 查看帮助文档
...

基础

import argparse

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.parse_args()

$ python3 prog.py
$ python3 prog.py --help
usage: prog.py [-h]     //未添加任何参数，默认含help选项

optional arguments:
  -h, --help  show this help message and exit
$ python3 prog.py --verbose
usage: prog.py [-h]
prog.py: error: unrecognized arguments: --verbose
$ python3 prog.py foo
usage: prog.py [-h]
prog.py: error: unrecognized arguments: foo

位置参数介绍

//echo.py
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("echo", help="echo the string you use here")        //help帮助信息
print(args.echo)

//prog.py
import argparse
parser.add_argument("square", help="display a square of a given number", type=int)  //type指定类型
args = parser.parse_args()
print(args.square**2)

可选参数介绍

import argparse

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbosity", help="increase output verbosity", action="store_true")     
//添加'store_true'默认为true
args = parser.parse_args()
if args.verbosity:      //参数没有指定，变量值为None
    print("verbosity turned on")

结合位置参数和可选参数

import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("square", type=int,
                    help="display the square of a given number")
parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbosity", action="count",
                    help="increase output verbosity")
args = parser.parse_args()
answer = args.square**2
if args.verbosity == 2:
    print("the square of {} equals {}".format(args.square, answer))
elif args.verbosity == 1:
    print("{}^2 == {}".format(args.square, answer))
else:
    print(answer)

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